@Article{HernandezPardoMMCAPPRVVWP:2021:ObSiVa,
               author = "Hernandez Pardo, Lianet and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and 
                         Morrison, Hugh and Cecchini, Micael Amore and Andreae, Meinrat O. 
                         and Poehlker, Christopher and Poeschl, Ulrich and Rosenfeld, 
                         Daniel and Vendrasco, Eder Paulo and Voigt, Christiane and 
                         Wendisch, Manfred and Poehlker, Mira L.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {National Center for 
                         Atmospheric Research} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} 
                         and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute 
                         for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {The 
                         Hebrew University of Jerusalem} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Deutsches Zentrum f{\"u}r Luft 
                         und Raumfahr} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max 
                         Planck Institute for Chemistry}",
                title = "Observed and Simulated Variability of Droplet Spectral Dispersion 
                         in Convective Clouds Over the Amazon",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "126",
               number = "20",
                pages = "e2021JD035076",
                month = "Oct.",
             abstract = "In this study, the variability of the spectral dispersion of 
                         droplet size distributions (DSDs) in convective clouds is 
                         investigated. Analyses are based on aircraft measurements of 
                         growing cumuli near the Amazon basin, and on numerical simulations 
                         of an idealized ice-free cumulus. In cleaner clouds, the relative 
                         dispersion epsilon, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation 
                         to the mean value of the droplet diameter, is negatively 
                         correlated with the ratio of the cloud water content (q(c)) to the 
                         adiabatic liquid water content (q(a)), while no strong correlation 
                         between epsilon and q(c)/q(a) is seen in polluted clouds. Bin 
                         microphysics numerical simulations suggest that these contrasting 
                         behaviors are associated with the effect of collision-coalescence 
                         in cleaner clouds, and secondary droplet activation in polluted 
                         clouds, in addition to the turbulent mixing of parcels that 
                         experienced different paths within the cloud. 
                         Collision-coalescence simultaneously broadens the DSDs and 
                         decreases q(c), explaining the inverse relationship between 
                         epsilon and q(c)/q(a) in cleaner clouds. Secondary droplet 
                         activation broadens the DSDs but has little direct impact on q(c). 
                         The combination of a rather modest DSD broadening due to weak 
                         collision-coalescence with enhanced droplet activation in both 
                         diluted and highly undiluted cloud regions may contribute to 
                         maintain a relatively uniform epsilon within polluted clouds. 
                         These findings can be useful for parameterizing the shape 
                         parameter (mu) of gamma DSDs in bulk microphysics cloud-resolving 
                         models. It is shown that emulating the observed mu-q(c)/q(a) 
                         relationship improves the estimation of the collision-coalescence 
                         rate in bulk microphysics simulations compared to the bin 
                         simulations.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2021JD035076",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035076",
                 issn = "2169-8996 and 2169-897X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Observed and Simulated Variability of Droplet Spectral Dispersion 
                         in Convective Clouds Over the Amazon.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}